Internal toggle linkage pump



Jan. 9, 1962 J. M. ROTH INTERNAL TOGGLE LINKAGE PUMP Filed June 27, 1957 INVENTOR. JAY M. ROTH 0% waded,

AT T YS.

United States Patent 3,016,022 INTERNAL TOGGLE LINKAGE PUM? Jay M. Roth, Uhrichsville, Ohio, assignor to Mechanisms Company, Uhrichsville, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Filed June 27, 1957, Ser. No. 568,495 Claims. (Cl. 103-215) This invention relates to pumps, and especially to manually controlled pumps having an internal toggle linkage control provided therefor, an internal toggle hav ing a pair of toggle links connected to and controlling a piston in a pump and with one of the toggle links being doubled back to extend along the pump and control piston rod provided therefor.

Heretofore there have been many difierent types of pumps provided for various pumping actions, and some have used toggle control links. However, many of the toggle control pumps, insofar as I am aware, have required as many as 5 or 6 toggle control links or levers therein. In addition, many of such pumps are particularly adapted to be driven by motors, or other conventional drive means. In many pumping requirements, there is a large field of use for manually controlled pumps, especially where such pumps can deliver high pressures. It is ditiicult to obtain high pressures in many manual pumps because the pump stroke is too long, the lever action is improper, or for other reasons. The mechanical advantage obtained by many pumps stays about the same throughout the entire pump stroke.

it is the general object of the present invention to provide' an internal toggle linkage type of a pump characterized by the short over-all length of the pump and by the variable mechanical advantage of the pump secured at different portions of the pump stroke.

Another object of the invention is to use a toggle link means for controlling a piston plunger of a pump and to maintain a small acute angle between such toggle link and the piston plunger at all portions of the pump stroke.

A further object of the invention is to provide a pump of the type indicated which has three to four times the mechanical advantage at one end of the pump stroke as compared with the opposite end or" the pump action.

Other objects of the invention are to provide a pump with a manually controlled operating handle therefor which operating handle has a stroke arc of between about 65 to 75; to provide a toggle control for a pump piston where the control handle is fixedly secured to one of the control links of a toggle; to provide a control or connecting link'in an internal toggle link pump that makes an angle of about 65 to 75 with an operating link at one end of the stroke at an angle of about to 12 with such operating link at the other end of the stroke; to position and connect an operating link and a control link for the pump pison so as to prevent any dead center positioning of such linksby a control handle connected to the control link; and to provide a toggle controlled pump wherein the toggle control means are all positioned substantially on a line with'the pump or above it whereby reservoir means can be positioned immediately below the pump chamber.

The foregoing and other objects and advantages of the invention will be made more apparent as the specification proceeds.

Reference now should be had to the accompanying drawings wherein one currently preferred embodiment of the invention is shown and wherein:

FIG. 1 is an elevation, partly broken away and shown in longitudinal section of a pump embodying the principles of the invention;

FIG. 2 is an end elevation of the pump of FIG. 1; and

FIG. 3' is a diagrammatic line drawing indicating the 3,015,022 Patented Jan. 9, 1952 length. of movement of the various members in the improved pump of the invention during pump action and the angular relationships between such members.

When referring to corresponding parts of the structure of the invention shown in the drawings and referred to in the specification, corresponding numerals are used to facilitate comparison therebetween.

The present invention, generally speaking, relates to an internal toggle linkage pump that includes a pump cylinder, a piston positioned for reciprocation in the pump cylinder, a piston rod secured to the piston and extending from one end or" the pump cylinder, an operating link pivotally secured to the exposed end of the piston rod, 21 control link pivotally positioned adjacent the opposite end of the pump cylinder, means pivotally securing the operating link and control links together to make the operating link extend back along the pump cylinder, and a control handle fixedly secured to the control link and extending therefrom for pump action by movement thereof, the links and control handle providing a mechanical advantage at one end of the pump stroke of about 3 to 4 times the mechanical advantage secured at the other end of the pump stroke.

Attention now is respectfully directed towards the details of the structure shown in the enclosed or attached drawings, and a pump 1 of the invention is shown. This pump 1 includes a pump cylinder 2 which is provided with a piston 3 slidably positioned for reciprocation therein. A piston rod 4 is secured to this piston 3. and extends from the pump cylinder for pump action, as hereinafter described. The pump cylinder 2 is shown operatively mounted on end plates 5 and 6. These end plates 5 and 6 have a tubular reservoir 7 secured thereto, so that water or other liquid to be pumped is received in this reservoir 7. An inlet bore 8 is provided in the end plate 6 for passage of liquid from the reservoir 7 to the pump cylinder 2 An outlet bore 9 likewise is provided in the opposite end plate '5 and a suitable outlet fitting 10, or other connection means may be provided at the end of this bore for passing the pump pressure fluid to a desired place of use. Fluid is supplied to the reservoir 7 from any suitable source.

As an important feature of the invention, the piston rod 4 and pison 3 are controlled by means of a pair of operating links 11 pivotally secured at one end, as by means of a pin 12 to the outer end of the piston rod 4. These operating links 11 in turn are pivotally connected or secured to a control link 13. Such control link 13 is pivotally connected at its lower end to a bracket 14 formed with or secured to the end plate 6. Any suitable pin or rivet means 15 connects the control link pivotally to the bracket 14. It will be seen that the correlation of the operating links 11 and control link 13 is such that the operating links extend back along the pump cylinder 2 and that such operating links 11 make relatively small acute angles with the longitudinal axis of the piston rod at all times. Thus, FIG. 3 of the drawingsbest shows that this piston rod axis may form an angle b of about 4 to approximately 10 with the operating link when the piston rod is in its extended position and with the piston rod and operating links forming an acute angle 0 therebetween of 8 to about 15 when the piston rod 4 is in its retracted position. An operating handle 16 for the pump 1 of the invention is suitably, but fixedly, secured to the end of the control link 13 and extends therefrom for arcuate reciprocating movement for controlling pump action in the pump cylinder 2.

FIG. 3 of the drawings indicates that the operating handle 16 has a stroke of approximately 72. An important feature of the invention resides in the angular relationship of the operating links 11 and control link 13 at the two extremities of movement of the operating handle 16. Thus the drawings clearly bring out that the control link 13 makes an "angle 6 of approximately 65 to 75 with the operating link at one end of the pump stroke, and that an angle a of about to 12 is provided at the opposite end of the pump stroke between these two same sets of control links. Specifically, this angle may be 72 at one end of the pump stroke and 12 at the opposite end of the pump stroke. One novel and important feature of the pump 1 provided by this particular angular relationship and the pump stroke are permitted is that a very sharp mechanical advantage increase can be secured adjacent the end of the pump stroke where the piston rod 4 is being retracted into the pump cylinder 2 and when a small acute angle, such as about 10", is secured between the operating links 11 and the control link 13. As indicated between x and y in the arc of movement of this control link 13 shown in the drawings, it takes a relatively long are, such as about Vs of an inch, for example, to move the piston rod axially from 2 to y A of an inch. Hence, by dividing of an inch by /4 of an inch, a mechanical advantage of approximately 3 /2 to l is secured at this end of the pump action. At the opposite end of the pump action, a greater volume of pump liquid can be obtained, but at a smaller mechanical advantage as the piston rod 4 and the free end of the control link 13 move substantially the same distances for the last several increments of motion or" the piston 3. The handle 16 extends from the control link 13 back towards the pump cylinder 2 at an acute angle to a continuation of the axis of the control link so that such handle 16 does not extend its full length axially beyond the pump cylinder 2 at any portion of its operative stroke.

FIG-3 of the drawings also'best brings out the fact that the operating links 11 make a small acute angle with the piston rod at all positions of such members. Thus, when the piston rod is in its extended position, the piston rod and links 11 may make the angle b be approximately 4% and that when the piston rod when retracted may make an angle of approximately 9 with this set of parallel operating links. However, such angles may be increased to as much as 10 when the piston rod is ex tended and at the other end of the pump stroke when the piston rod is retracted, but yet still have desirable operating properties secured by the pump linkage of the invention. Thus small acute angles must be maintained between these members at all times.

FIG. 1 best shows some of the internal construction of the pump of the invention and the pump cylinder 2 comprises a tube body 17, an inlet block 18 and an outlet block 19 which are suitably secured to and close the ends of this cylindrical body 17. The blocks 18 and 19 may be secured to the tube body 17 by any suitable means, such as cap screws 20. An inlet bore 21 is provided in the inlet plug 18 and registers with the inlet bore Sin the end plate 6. A conventional inlet check valve, in this instance a ball valve 22, is positioned on a valve seat or shoulder 23 provided in a portion of the inlet bore 21. A coil spring 24 urges the ball valve 22 towards the seat 23 for closing action at all times. Such spring 24 can be retained in position at its other end by a suitable lock washer or snap ring 25.

The drawing shows that the piston 3 has an axially directed bore 26 provided therein and that an outlet valve. such as a ball 27, is urged against a valve seat 28 at all times by a spring 2? engaging therewith. Thus, the ball valve 27 is adapted to permit flow in an axial direction entering the bore 26 and moving the ball 27 away from the valve seat 28, but is adapted to prevent reverse flow. Likewise, the inlet ball valve is adapted to be moved from its valve seat 23 when liquid is being drawn into the piston cylinder 2 but such ball valve 22 snaps back onto its valve seat for closing action when fluid attempts to flow back out through the inlet bore 21. vThe opposite or axially outer end of the piston 3 preferably is of a tubular construction at 3a and has one or more apertures draulic pumps.

30 in the wall thereof for flow of liquid from the bore 26 of the piston out into space-provided in the pump cylinder 2 intermediate the periphery of the piston extension 30 and the wall of an outlet bore 19a in the outlet block 19. The piston rod 4 is suitably secured to the piston extension 3a for unitary movement therewith. This piston extension 3a may also be termed an end portion of the piston rod 4 as it is integrally attached to the piston rod and is slidably received in the pump cylinder 2 and aids in preventing oscillation or lateral movement of the piston rod as the piston 3 is reciprocatcd. On movement of the piston 3 towards the inlet plug 18, the ball valve 27 will be forced from its seat and fluid will be forced into the space between the piston extension 312 and the adjacent Walls of the pump chamber. Some fluid will also flow from the outlet bore 19a in the outlet plug 19 inasmuch as the piston rod occupies a large volume of space within the pump chamber of the tube'body 17 and the piston 3 displaces all liquid in the pump cylinder chamber.

Any suitable Washer 32 is carried by the piston 3 to seal it in the pump cylinder 2 to prevent leakage of fluid by the piston.

The pump 1 of the invention is a double acting pump and liquid under desired pressure is forced from the pump on both strokes of the pump. This facilitates obtaining a desired quantitative supply of pressure liquid from the pump of the invention.

it will be noted that the extension and control links provided for the pump 1 and the pump cylinder 2 are all positioned immediately adjacent each other and in overlapping relation so that a compact pump structure is pro vided. By locating the liquid reservoir 7 immediately adjacent the pump 1 and underneath it, a deSirab-le'supply of fluid is always available for passage to the pump 1.

Pumps provided with an external toggle linkage have been provided before but they may have a mechanical advantage that increases too rapidly to be useful in hy- External toggle linkage pumps have one toggle link pivotally connected to the piston rod to extend substantially axially therefrom. The other toggle link is pivotally secured to the first link and is pivotally anchored at a point sp'aced from the pump cylinder.

The pump 1 is well adapted for manual operation and provides high pressure liquid with minimum effort because of the high mechanical advantage secured in the pump as the piston 3 is being forced to move therein. Hence, it is believed that the objects of the invention have been achieved.

While one complete embodiment of the invention has been disclosed herein, it will be appreciated that modification of this particular embodiment of the invention may be resorted to without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a toggle linkage pump, a pump cylindena piston positioned for reciprocation in said pump cylinder, a piston rod secured to said piston and extending from one end of said pump cylinder, an operating link pivotally secured to said piston rod, a control link pivotally positioned at one end adjacent but below and spaced longitudinally from the opposite end of said pump cylinder, means pivotally securing said operating link and control links together to make said operating link extend at a small acute angle to said piston rod, and a control handle fixedly secured to said control link and extending therefrom for pump action by movement thereof, said links limiting said control handle to an operating arc of about 69 to 76, said control link making an angle of about 65 to with said operating link and extending substantially normallyto the longitudinal axis of said pump cylinder at one end of the pump stroke and an angle of about 10 to 12 withsaid operating linkatthe opposite end of the pump stroke, said control link not passing a dead center position relating to said operating link in the motion permitted for such control link, and said operating link making an angle of between about 4 /2 and with and extending in one direction from said piston rod at one end of the pump stroke and an angle of between about 9 and with and extending in the opposite direction from said piston rod at the other end of the pump stroke.

2. In a pump for supply of liquid under high pressures, a stationary pump cylinder having axially spaced inlet and outlet means, an end block secured at one end of said pump cylinder, a piston positioned for reciprocation in said pump cylinder, said piston having an inner pressure face and a smaller area outer pressure face, a tubular piston extension operatively secured to said piston to provide said smaller area outer pressure face thereon, a piston rod secured to said piston extension and extending from said end block of said pump cylinder, flow control means connecting the faces of said piston through said piston extension for passage of liquid therethrough on piston movement in one direction, an operating link pivotally secured to said piston rod, a control member pivotally positioned at one end adjacent but below and spaced longitudinally beyond the opposite end of said pump cylinder, said control member extending away from said pump cylinder at all times, and means pivotally securing said operating link and control member together for pump action, said operating link extending at small acute angles to said piston rod for all relative movement therebetween, said operating link and said piston rod defining an angle up to 10 when said piston is in one extreme position and an angle up to 15 when said piston is in an opposite extreme position, pivotal movement of said control member providing pump action, said pump cylinder, piston, piston rod operating link and control member being of such relative sizes and connections whereby said operating link and said control member do not pass over dead center relation in moving said piston through a full pump operating stroke, said piston rod slidably and directly engaging said pump cylinder to be retained against lateral movement thereby.

3. In an internal toggle linkage pump for supply of liquid under high pressures, a stationary pump cylinder having axially spaced inlet and outlet means, a piston positioned for reciprocation in said pump cylinder, said piston having an inner pressure face and a smaller area outer pressure face, a piston rod secured to the said outer pressure face of said piston and extending from one end of said pump cylinder, flow control means connecting the faces of said piston, an operating link pivotally secured to said piston rod, a straight control member pivotally positioned at one end adjacent but below and spaced longitudinally beyond the opposite end of said pump cylinder, said control member extending away from said pump cylinder at all times, means pivotally securing said operating link and control member together for pump action, said operating link extending at small acute angles to said piston rod for all relative movement therebetween, said operating link and said piston rod defining an. angle up to 10 when said piston is in one extreme position and an angle up to 15 when said piston is in an opposite extreme position, pivotal movement of said control member providing pump action, said pump cylinder, piston, piston rod operating link and control member being of such relative sizes and connections whereby said operating link and said control memher do not pass over dead center relation in moving said piston through a full pump operating stroke, and a handle secured to said control member and inclined towards said pump cylinder to maintain said handle generally vertical for the operating stroke when said pump cylinder is horizontally positioned.

4. In a toggle linkage pump, a stationary pump cylinder,

a piston positioned for reciprocation in said pump cylinder, a piston rod secured to said piston and extending from one end of said pump cylinder, an operating link pivotally secured to said piston rod, a control member pivotally positioned at one end adjacent but below and spaced longitudinally beyond the opposite end of said pump cylinder, said control member extending away from said pump cylinder at all times, and means pivotally securing said operating link and control member together for pump action, said operating link extending at small acute angles to said piston rod for all relative movement therebetween, pivotal movement of said control member providing pump action, said pump cylinder, piston, piston rod operating link and control member being of relative sizes and connections whereby said operating link and said control member do not pass over dead center relation in moving said piston through a full pump operating stroke, said control link making an angle of about to with said operating link at one end of the pump stroke and an angle of about 10 to 12 at the opposite end of the pump stroke.

5. In a-toggle linkage pump, a stationary pump cylinder, a piston positioned for reciprocation in said pump cylinder, a piston rod secured to said piston and extending from one end of said pump cylinder, an operating link pivotally secured to said piston rod, 2. control member pivotally positioned at one end adjacent but below and spaced longitudinally beyond the opposite end of said pump cylinder, said control member extending away from said pump cylinder at all times, and means pivotally securing said operating link and control member together for pump action, said operating link extending at small acute angles to said piston rod for all relative movement therebetween, pivotal movement of said control member providing pump action, said pump cylinder, piston, piston rod operating link and control member being of such relative sizes and connections whereby said operating link and said control member do not pass over dead center relation in moving said piston through a full pump operating stroke, said operating link making an angle of up to 10 in one direction with said piston rod at one end of the pump stroke and an angle of up to 15 in the opposite direction at the other end of the pump stroke.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Re. 4,050 Putnam June 28, 1870 255,318 McMartin Mar. 21 1882 2,340,020 Roose et a1 J an. 25, 1944 2,364,511 Bossi Dec. 5, 1944 2,404,502 Kehle July 23, 1946 FOREIGN PATENTS 201,711 Great Britain Aug. 9, 1923 287,333 Great Britain Mar. 22, 1928 441,392 Italy Oct. 29, 1948 943,180 France Sept. 27, 1948 

